Newsletter of the
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FORUM
Volume 28, Number 5 --- 15 May 2026
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Website: iefworld.org
Article submission: newsletter@iefworld.org Deadline next issue 10 July 2024
Secretariat Email: ief@iefworld.org Christine Muller General Secretary
Postal address: 12B Chemin de Maisonneuve, CH-1219 Chatelaine, Geneva, Switzerland
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From the Editor, Request for information for upcoming newsletters
This newsletter is an opportunity for IEF members to share their experiences, activities, and initiatives that are taking place at the community level on environment, climate change and sustainability. All members are welcome to contribute information about related activities, upcoming conferences, news from like-minded organizations, recommended websites, book reviews, etc. Please send information to newsletter@iefworld.org.
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A COMMON ENDEAVOR: Realizing the Promise of America
The National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha’is of the United States recently released a statement entitled A Common Endeavor: Realizing the Promise of America.
“This initiative is the National Assembly’s contribution to the 250th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. At a time of considerable turmoil in the country, it seeks to offer hope that a more unified and just society can be built and to encourage a greater sense of agency among individuals, communities, and institutions working for the betterment of society. At its heart are a vision of oneness and justice and an invitation to reflect on the moral, social, and spiritual renewal needed for the country to move toward greater unity, shared prosperity, and collective well-being.”
While this statement is addressed to America, the world as a whole is concerned about the impact of the United States on the rest of the world, and the statement provides a Bahá'i response to issues that concern us all.
Toward the end of the statement, some questions are raised about topics in which we must make progress with unified action. One of them is of specific interest to the International Environment Forum:
“How can a shared devotional spirit help those of different belief systems experience all humanity and all life as an interdependent whole to which we all have moral obligations? How can that spirit reshape our relationships and our stewardship of the land’s resources?”
You can read and download the statement here: https://app.box.com/s/pbjfz6bvxodrij173p3uy132e5vnfsuo
Sustainability - Redefining Prosperity
We warmly invite you to participate in "Sustainability - Redefining Prosperity," a six-week free online course offered by the International Environment Forum (IEF) from 7 September to 18 October, 2026.
As humanity faces unprecedented global challenges ranging from catastrophic climate change to growing extremes of wealth and poverty, it is increasingly clear that our current trajectory is unsustainable. This course is designed to explore the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability from both scientific and ethical/spiritual perspectives inspired by Bahá'à principles.
Over the course of six weeks, we will study, explore and discuss the following topics:
* Unit 1: Introduction to the Concept of Sustainability
* Unit 2: The Environmental Challenge and Bahá'à Approaches
* Unit 3: Economic Development and Sustainability: Poverty and Wealth
* Unit 4: Social Development: Crises and Solutions
* Unit 5: Future Perspectives on Human Prosperity
* Unit 6: Education for Sustainability: Individual and Community Action
The course is designed with flexibility in mind, requiring a few hours of study weekly for each unit. It utilizes a mix of readings and videos to illustrate the latest thinking on sustainability. The course involves individual study, online discussion forums and weekly discussions on Zoom. The course also offers opportunities to meet (virtually) other individuals from around the globe who are similarly interested in sustainability and human prosperity.
Ultimately, the goal is to spark meaningful conversations that link our immediate societal challenges with deeper spiritual solutions, inspiring practical action at the individual and community levels.
IEF Faculty Team: Arthur Dahl, Rebecca Teclemariam-Mesbah, Amani McHugh, Christine Muller, and Laurent Mesbah
How to register: Please secure your spot in the course by filling out this registration form: COURSE REGISTRATION. Once registered, you will receive a confirmation email with basic information, followed by more detailed instructions and Zoom meeting links a few days before the course begins.
Reorienting towards hope
Excerpts from a report by Arthur Lyon Dahl
on the recent conference of ebbf
Ethical Business Building the Future
With all the crises in the world today, hope is in short supply, yet this is something in which faith communities have a comparative advantage. A recent example is the 36th annual conference of ebbf – Ethical Business Building the Future, a Bahá’Ă-inspired professional organisation addressing ethics in business. Its conference on the Greek coast near Athens on 16-19 April 2026 brought together 155 participants to discuss “Reorienting towards hope”.
As the ebbf board put it: “To reorient towards hope is to turn consciously toward what builds, integrates, and uplifts even while disintegration is visible around us. It is to understand that history is not moving toward inevitable collapse, but through a process in which a new and more just order is gradually emerging. Gradual change, as we know, often appears invisible until suddenly it becomes undeniable.
“True prosperity is not merely economic growth. It is the welfare of people. It is the well-being of communities. It is the cultivation of dignity. It is the alignment of material systems with spiritual values.
“We strive to see humanity as one. We are detached from divisive narratives and seek the common good beyond borders. In a time when people are afraid even of what the next three weeks may bring, when trust in the nobility of human beings is at risk of erosion, our task is to demonstrate another perspective: that humanity is capable of integration as well as disintegration; that civilization is not destined for destruction but is moving through turbulence toward its betterment.”
The conference programme started by asking “What does it mean to consciously reorient towards hope?” Seeing reality clearly, recognising sources of hope, reorienting internally, learning about practices that translate hope into action, and building communities that sustain hope. Participants moved from reflection to understanding, leading to action and responsibility. Much of the time was spent in workshops, artistic activities and group discussion so that everyone could participate and contribute actively. By the end of the conference, a collective positive spirit radiated hope as the participants from over twenty-five countries across all continents returned to share their renewed optimism founded on spiritual values in their communities and workplaces.
With hope being the theme of a number of meetings this year, including the IEF Conference, this is something that all of our faith communities can bring to a world suffering from so many negative influences, whether individually, in our communities, at work, and in the framework of international debates.
Go here to read the full report: https://iefworld.org/node/2044
IEF Members participate in Film Series
Caring for the Earth: Stories from Faith Communities
From the YALE FORUM ON RELIGION AND ECOLOGY May 2025 Newsletter
Blessed Tomorrow recently produced a series of short films entitled “Caring for the Earth: Stories from Faith Communities.” Faith communities across the country are on the frontlines of climate action, leading with hope, compassion, and courage. This Faith + Climate Film Series highlights over 30 powerful voices of Christian, Muslim, Indigenous, Baha’i, and Jewish faith leaders to explore how our spiritual traditions call us to care for creation and each other. Each 20-minute film is paired with a Study and Discussion Guide designed for faith groups of all ages and sizes seeking deeper engagement. The film series includes the following:
• To Tend and Keep: People of Faith Caring for the Earth
• Called by Faith: How Will You Answer?
• Seeds of Fire: Building Resilient Communities
• Holy Water: Protecting What Connects and Sustains Us
• Climate Justice: Sacred Voice Rising
• Healing Creation: Honoring Nature and Each Other
• Young Leaders: Creating Hope for the Future
The IEF is pleased to let you know that IEF members Valarie Atwood, Sue Blythe, and Ian Hamilton are among the speakers in these excellent productions!
For more information and to view the films, go here: https://blessedtomorrow.org/faith-climate-film-series/
IEF Member Wins 2026 International Green Earth Book Award
IEF member Diana Schaffter has won the 2026 International Green Earth Book Award in the Children's Fiction category for her middle-grade novel, Armando and the Amazing Animal Race. The Green Earth Book Awards are the foremost recognition in children's and young adult literature for environmental and conservation themes, presented each Earth Day by The Nature Generation to books that best convey the message of environmental stewardship.
At its heart, Armando and the Amazing Animal Race is a fun, fast-paced adventure mystery. Twelve-year-old Armando and his eccentric British grandmother embark on a continent-hopping race to photograph seven endangered animals in just seventy days, while solving a family mystery. From the Arctic tundra to the Amazon rainforest, each destination in the race brings Armando face to face with the fragility of the natural world. Readers encounter endangered animals — including a polar bear, a Siberian tiger, a pied tamarin monkey, and a four-toed jerboa — and learn firsthand about endangered species, environmental justice, and climate change in an exciting, natural way that also touches the heart.
"If you have wondered how to instill a love of nature and wildlife in young people, here is an answer in a story you cannot put down. It skillfully weaves animal science, geography, the importance of family, personal discovery and courage, and essential human values in a narrative that enthralls all who open its pages." — Arthur Dahl, IEF President
Although written for children aged 8 to 12, the book has found enthusiastic readers of all ages. Families have taken to reading it together, and grandparents have shared it with grandchildren — drawn in by its warm portrayal of intergenerational relationships at the story's core.
The book is brought to life with over 55 illustrations and three maps, and is currently being used in 19 schools across Canada, the USA, Thailand, and Macau as a classroom read-aloud or novel study. Lesson plans and educational resources are available on Diana Schaffter's website at www.dianaschaffter.com.
Armando and the Amazing Animal Race is available in paperback, hardcover, and eBook on Amazon globally and can be ordered through bookstores around the world. IEF members who read the book can help the story's important messages reach more young readers by leaving a review on Amazon or Goodreads.
Wars’ Environmental Harm
By Christine Muller
Our hearts go out to all the people who are severely affected by the ongoing wars. In addition to the loss of human lives, wars have catastrophic impacts on people’s physical and mental health, their livelihoods, their homes, and safety. The environmental destruction from wars multiplies its harm and exacerbates already existing environmental and social problems now and for decades, even centuries to come.
Air pollution is the first problem that may come to our mind. Many kinds of dangerous toxic chemicals are released by the explosion of bombs and by the burning of buildings and oil refineries. The contamination spreads over large regions and poisons water and soil. People get sick from asthma, pulmonary and heart diseases, and cancer.
Water scarcity is already a huge problem, especially in the areas where wars are currently raging. The World Population Review indicates in their Water Stress by Country 2026 report that the 10 most water stressed countries are all in the Middle East and North Africa, and Iran ranks as #14. Wars’ destruction of water infrastructure and of desalination plants is a catastrophe in these regions.
Water pollution compounds the problem of water scarcity. Lack of clean water not only deprives people of the most fundamental necessity for a healthy life, it also severely affects agriculture. Food prices are going up because of it and because of wars’ supply chain disruptions. This worsens malnutrition and famines. Oil spills damage marine life and fisheries.
Air, water, and soil pollution also harm animals and plants and can destroy entire ecosystems which has long-term negative consequences for biodiversity and the economy.
Climate change and mismanagement have been identified as the underlying causes of water scarcity which is now exacerbated by wars. Wars are adding fuel to the heating up of the Earth by causing the emission of enormous amounts of greenhouse gases ranging from the manufacturing of weapons, the burning of fuels during transportation to the explosions of bombs and other weapons, and the resulting fires. And it is impossible to even imagine the costs to the climate and the environment in general of rebuilding everything!
Violence and war have never succeeded in solving human disagreements. Diplomacy is the only way, but it can only bring results when the people in power recognize the humanity of their counterparts and are deeply committed to finding solutions that serve the well-being of people on all sides. In fact, they must realize that there are no sides – humankind is one. We must work together to fight the real enemies that threaten the future of human civilization: egotism, nationalism, materialism and greed which lead to wars and destroy the planet.
Sources:
The Environmental Cost of War, Daryush Nourbaha, by State of the Planet
https://news.climate.columbi.edu/2026/04/15/the-environmental-cost-of-war/
Implications of the War in Iran for Climate Security, Recording of a 28 April 2026 by the Stimson Center’s Environmental Security Program and the AMENA Foundation
https://www.stimson.org/event/implications-of-the-war-in-iran-for-climate-security
Complicating Long-Term Stability: Water Security and the Iran War in New Security Beat
https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2026/04/complicating-long-term-stability-water-security-and-the-iran-war/
IEF Members Participate in Public Discourse
The Coalition for the UN We Need (C4UN) has been organizing Regional Futures Forums. In two webinars, it has brought together European civil society organizations, youth representatives, policy experts, and partners to reflect on the future of the multilateral system, on UN Reform, and the Pact for the Future. IEF member Hedieh Badavam attended the first webinar on 16 April and IEF President Arthur Dahl the second one on 24 April. For more information or to watch the first webinar, go here: https://c4unwn.org/2026-regional-futures-forums/european-regional-futures-forum/
Human health from the perspective of environmental sustainability
Blog by IEF member Jorge Conte
Jorge Conte posted this blog on the IEF website on 30 May, 2025. We are including it here to make it available to a wider readership.
In the context of sustainability, health plays a crucial role, as a healthy environment depends on preserving natural resources, reducing pollution, and fighting climate change. The connection between health and sustainability reminds us that taking care of the planet is taking care of ourselves and future generations.
World Health Day motivates us to work together to build a healthier and more sustainable world. To improve the health of humans, ecosystems, and animals in our cities, we can implement initiatives that foster a balance between urban development and environmental sustainability. Some examples include:
1. Creating Green Areas: Expanding urban parks, community gardens, and ecological corridors to promote human well-being, reduce stress, improve air quality, and provide safe habitats for local wildlife.
2. Sustainable mobility: Implement efficient public transport systems, bike lanes and pedestrian paths to reduce pollution from vehicles and promote active and healthy lifestyles.
3. Urban reforestation: Plant native trees in public and private spaces to absorb CO2, regulate temperature, and protect biodiversity.
4. Waste management: Develop programs for recycling and proper waste management, avoiding soil and water contamination that affects humans, animals and plants.
5. Urban agriculture: Promote urban gardens to provide fresh food and encourage sustainable agricultural practices that benefit both human communities and ecosystems.
6. Protection of urban fauna: Create animal shelters, rehabilitation programs and actions to ethically control populations of species at risk or overpopulated.
7. Clean energy: Implement solar panels, wind turbines, and other clean technologies in public and private buildings to reduce the ecological footprint of cities.
8. Environmental education: Integrate educational campaigns and school programs focused on the protection of natural resources and responsible coexistence with animals.
9. Resilient infrastructure: Design storm drainage systems and urban planning that reduce vulnerability to natural phenomena, protecting both humans and animals and ecosystems.
10. Preservation of water bodies: Protect rivers, lakes, and urban wetlands from pollution, ensuring that they serve as sources of life for ecosystems and recreational areas for communities.
These actions are essential to create healthier and more sustainable cities, where humans, animals and nature can thrive together.
Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels Conference
Santa Marta, Colombia
24-29 April 2026
After the failure of the Climate Change COP30 in Brazil to address fossil fuels due to the consensus rule and the opposition of vested interests in the current energy system, a “conference of the willing” was convened by Colombia and the Netherlands in Santa Marta, Colombia, on 24-29 April 2026.
The summit on “transitioning away” from oil, coal and gas was attended by 57 countries representing one-third of the world’s economy. Invitations were not extended to countries known to defend fossil fuel interests to enable a constructive debate. Ministers and envoys from across the world sat side-by-side in small meeting rooms to have open and frank conversations about the barriers they face in transitioning from fossil fuels to clean energy.
At the conference’s final plenary session on 29 April, co-host nations Colombia and the Netherlands presented the key outcomes from the summit.
The first outcome was that Tuvalu and Ireland will co-host a second transitioning away from fossil fuels conference in the Pacific island nation in 2027. Three workstreams will bring issues forward to the second summit.
The first will focus on developing national and regional roadmaps away from fossil fuels connected to the country’s nationally determined contributions (NDCs) including emissions exported from producing countries. The development of the roadmaps will be supported by the newly established science panel and the NDC partnership, a global initiative helping nations prepare their NDCs.
The second workstream will be focused on changing the financial system to better facilitate the transition away from fossil fuels. This will include work to identify fossil-fuel subsidies and find solutions to “debt traps”.
The final workstream will address fossil-fuel-intensive trade, with the aim of advancing progress towards a fossil fuel-free trade system.
For a more detailed report, go here: https://iefworld.org/Fossil_Fuels2026
MAIN SOURCE: Carbon Brief https://www.carbonbrief.org/santa-marta-key-outcomes-from-first-summit-on-transitioning-away-from-fossil-fuels/
The energy transition needs money and technology — and new ideas
By Daniel Perell
Representative of the Baha’i International Community
to the United Nations
Submitted to Brazil’s COP30 Task Force
on Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels
Prepared for the Santa Marta, Colombia conference on the transition away from fossil fuels (TAFF), 24-29 April 2026, exploring underlying assumptions that need to be interrogated as part of the process.
Quick video introducing it here:
https://www.worldenvironmentday.global/2026/about/theme-and-host
The following is based on a submission the author made to Brazil’s COP30 Task Force on Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels.
Key points:
• Redefining prosperity. So long as success is measured by material accumulation and GDP growth, the transition will be structurally disadvantaged. Principles like moderation and sufficiency should receive greater attention in economic and political life.
• Strengthening collective action. The challenge is fundamentally relational: building consensus, sharing burdens equitably, and sustaining coordinated effort across diverse national circumstances — rather than collapsing complexity into binary arguments.
• Organising around learning. No nation has the blueprint for this. A framework built on iterative learning — replacing blame with understanding, embracing setbacks as exploration, and orienting action toward the common good — offers the most practical path forward.
The transition away from fossil fuels — just, orderly, and equitable — will be among the most consequential undertakings humanity has ever attempted. It will require an agreed-upon strategy equal to the challenge. Especially as recent geopolitical volatility is a reminder of how bound together the fate of nations has become, in no small part through their shared reliance on fossil fuels.
Much of the conversation in international spaces centers on the practical dimensions of the problem: the finance gaps, the technological requirements, the legal frameworks, the political obstacles. These are real and must be addressed. But the Bonn preparatory sessions for COP29, the difficult final hours in Belém, and the ongoing consultations for a TAFF roadmap all point to something that technical and financial analyses alone cannot explain. We know a great deal about what needs to be done. We are struggling to take the first steps to do it. This points to something deeper.
The most fundamental barrier may not be physical, technological, or even financial. It may be conceptual. Specifically: how do we define success? What are the qualities by which a nation, a corporation, a community, or a person is judged to have made progress? So long as growth and profit — as achieved through existing systems — remain the central organizing principles of our collective life, transitions away from a status quo will be difficult. Alternatives, however promising, will face a profound structural and conceptual disadvantage because of the legitimate material benefits that fossil fuels have brought about.
This is not an argument against prosperity. In fact, non-fossil fuel sources of energy are increasingly more profitable. It is an observation that the dominant conception of prosperity — one that equates it almost entirely with material accumulation, with GDP growth, with the capacity to consume — is the very framework that makes this transition so hard. Principles like moderation, sufficiency, and contentment find little place in growth-driven paradigms. And yet it is these qualities that a sustainable energy future will need to incorporate, not as moral slogans, but as organizing realities of human life.
Continue reading this article here: https://iefworld.org/2026Perell_TAFF
Faith Communities back fossil fuel treaty
Santa Marta, Colombia
24 April 2026
On 24 April in Santa Marta, Colombia, faith communities gathered for the Meeting of Spiritualities for Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels, an ecumenical and interfaith gathering convened as part of the First International Conference on Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels, hosted by the governments of Colombia and the Netherlands. Their purpose was concrete: align their collective voice behind a binding Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Fossil Fuels, and deliver a signed declaration to the government representatives present.
The World Council of Churches (WCC) was among the organisers and participants. Athena Peralta, director of the WCC Commission on Climate Justice and Sustainable Development [and a member of the IF20 environment working group chaired by Arthur Dahl], did not soften the diagnosis: the climate emergency is not merely an environmental problem. “We are not living in the Anthropocene,” she said. “We are living in the "Capitolocene," an era shaped by an extractivist capitalism that treats the Earth as a storehouse of assets and a field for endless profit.”
Peralta's contribution was both theological and political, a call for spiritualities of sufficiency, resistance, and transformation – a turning away from the logic of accumulation toward what she called “enough."
Drawing on the WCC's Ecumenical Decade of Climate Justice Action (2025–2034), she invited those gathered into a "prophetic uprising. Churches [and people of good will] are called to rise with prophetic urgency, speak with a voice of moral clarity, and embody a new Exodus – an exodus from the captivity of greed, a departure from an extractive economy, and a journey toward the freedom of a restored creation."
Dr Luz Dary Carmona, vice minister of Environmental Territorial Planning at Colombia's Ministry of Environment, insisted the transition reaches far beyond energy. It demands a transformation of the productive model and the very logic of development. She quoted Colombian president Gustavo Petro: "The life of the U'wa people is worth more than oil."
Kumi Naidoo, chair of the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative and former general secretary of Amnesty International, was direct: "It is like leaving a tap running. Do you mop the floor or turn off the tap? First, you turn off the tap. Unless we shut off fossil fuels, we cannot deal with climate change."
Jocabed Reina Solano Miselis, executive director of Memoria IndĂgena Panamá and an Indigenous Guna theologian, was clear: "A transition without transformation is a transition without a soul. Without Indigenous rights, it does not respect life."
As the afternoon closed, more than 20 organisations, among them the WCC, signed and formally handed over the Call from the Ecumenical, Interfaith and Eco-Spiritual Coalition of the Global South to the governments of Colombia and the Netherlands, committing to an immediate end to new coal, oil, and gas development.
As the coalition looks toward COP31 in Antalya, TĂĽrkiye, what was signed in Santa Marta is both a commitment and an invitation for churches, spiritual communities, and people of goodwill to keep walking together toward the fossil-free future they declared possible.
SOURCE: based on https://www.oikoumene.org/news/gathered-in-colombia-faith-communities-back-fossil-fuel-treaty
Why Policies Fail in Developing Countries like Pakistan
By IEF Associate Rehan Ullah
Introduction
Policy failure in developing countries such as Pakistan is a persistent challenge that limits development and effective governance. Despite the existence of well-designed policies, implementation often remains weak due to structural, institutional, and resource-related constraints. These failures are not caused by a single factor but result from multiple interconnected issues such as limited capacity, weak governance, and socio-political interference.
Main Points
One major reason for policy failure is the lack of technical knowledge and institutional capacity. Many developing countries face shortages of skilled professionals, weak data systems, and limited research-based decision-making, which leads to poorly designed or impractical policies. Studies highlight that gaps in knowledge and policy evaluation significantly reduce policy effectiveness in developing contexts (MDPI, 2017).
Another critical factor is limited financial and administrative resources. Even when policies are well formulated, governments often lack the infrastructure, funding, and trained workforce needed for implementation. This results in weak enforcement and ineffective delivery service (MDPI, 2017).
In addition, weak governance and institutional instability play a major role. In Pakistan, issues such as corruption, political interference, and lack of accountability reduce policy efficiency. Research on policy processes in Pakistan shows that elite influence and institutional weaknesses often distort policy outcomes and hinder long-term planning (Toru, 2013).
Furthermore, poor coordination among institutions and inconsistent policy implementation frameworks also contribute to failure. Different government departments often work in isolation, leading to overlapping responsibilities and inefficiencies.
Conclusion
In conclusion, policy failure in Pakistan and similar developing countries is not the result of a single issue but a combination of weak governance, limited resources, lack of technical capacity, and institutional inefficiencies. Strengthening governance structures, improving accountability, and investing in human and institutional capacity are essential for improving policy effectiveness and achieving sustainable development.
References
1. Toru, S.K. (2013). Policy processes and governance challenges in developing countries. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/svo/opaper/19.html
2. MDPI (2017). Sustainability and policy implementation barriers in developing countries. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/165
Africa’s just transition opportunity: Decolonising economic transformation for climate resilience
By Earth4All
In Africa’s just transition opportunity: decolonising economic transformation for climate resilience, authors Fadhel Kaboub, Associate Professor of Economics at Denison University and member of the Earth4All Transformational Economics Commission, and Mohamed Adow, Executive Director at Power Shift Africa, provide an analytical framework for understanding the root causes of Africa’s economic challenges and articulate an alternative pathway of strategic opportunities for the continent to unleash its full potential as a renewable energy economic powerhouse.
Africa’s disproportionate climate burden and colonial economic legacy
Africa has contributed the least to global climate change, resource scarcity and biodiversity loss, yet it is the continent facing the brunt of the related economic and ecological impacts. While the formal colonial presence on the continent ended decades ago, the colonial legacy persists to this day, largely in the form of economic roles imposed on Africa. Africa today continues to play the same colonial economic roles that were designed to produce and maintain a particular economic and geopolitical hierarchy in which Africa was to remain locked at the bottom. These colonial roles were not supposed to deliver economic development, prosperity or a just transition; they were designed for colonial extraction of wealth from the African continent.
A Giant Leap forward for Africa
The analysis demonstrates that Africa’s just transition requires a coherent and comprehensive radical approach to climate, energy and development policies that transforms the economic structures of the continent. Africa’s just transition framework must also be accompanied by structural economic transformation to undo its colonial economic roles, which is consistent with the five Earth4All policy turnarounds that are needed for humanity to survive and thrive.
You can download this publication here: https://www.clubofrome.org/publication/earth4all-kaboub-adow-just-transition/
Updated 15 May 2026